The purpose of the research was to assess the climate conditions in different parts of Siberia for traditional reindeer herding of the indigenous people of Siberia. Computer model giving an opportunity to calculate the reindeer’s heat balance according a number of meteorological indices was used to assess climatic conditions for reindeer herding in 70 localities. The results allowed to determine the areas with optimal and pessimal climatic conditions for winter and summer pasturing seasons. Good coincidence of the regions with the most developed and sustainable reindeer herding and the territories with optimal thermal balance was noted. Thus, Yamal and Ghydan peninsulas were revealed to be the areas with the best climatic conditions for Nenets reindeer husbandry. In the Chukchies’ reindeer herding area, the highest assessment as to the thermal balance was given to tundras along the northern and eastern coasts of Chukotka region. However, in the areas where good conditions of the thermal balance combined with