Occupation, labor and satisfactory job are important determinants of one’s healthy and prosperous personality development. On the other hand, when the demands of the job exceed the capabilities of the worker, an occupational stress occurs, which may become a main factor of stress-related diseases. Since Hans Selye’s initial concept of general adaptation syndrome, several structured models and concepts of stress from the psychological perspective have emerged and their biological consequences have been studied. Their representation within the concept of occupational stress is discussed. The effects of globalization, future robotization and other social factors are discussed with regard to the occurrence of perceived stress. Biological consequences including contributions of epigenetic phenomena are also considered. The chapter discusses an allostasis-based approach describing the biological mechanisms that underlie the effects of the psychosocial stressors modern humans have to tackle in daily work life.