Matusov"s article defines two trajectories in the development of Vygotsky"s academic heritage. We show that it is necessary to consider a continuous scale where the two lines of development are just polar points. We state that the problem cannot be solved in relation to Vygotsky"s theory, but requires a wider view on power relations within the world. Vygotsky"s focus on consciousness is viewed as limiting the extent of social determination of thinking by researchers in various societies. Matusov"s effort outlines the need to return to the study of consciousness.