TY - JOUR

T1 - Cleaning Aqueous Media from Iron Oxides by High-Gradient Magnetic Filtration (Review)

T2 - Thermal Engineering

AU - Gusev, B.A.

AU - Efimov, A.A.

AU - Moskvin, L.N.

AU - Panchuk, V.V.

N1 - Export Date: 28 November 2023 CODEN: THENA Адрес для корреспонденции: Panchuk, V.V.; St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; эл. почта: vitpan@mail.ru Пристатейные ссылки: Vermairen, T., “Magnetic water treatment as a means of dealing with scale,” Belgium Patent No (1945) R460560, V, p. 01R; Morozova, I.K., Gromova, A.I., Gerasimov, V.V., (1975) Removal and Deposition of the Corrosion Products of Reactor Materials, , Atomizdat, Moscow; Efimov, A.A., Moskvin, L.N., Bredikhin, V.Y., Analysis of corrosion products in the coolant circulation tract of NPP with RBMK (1984) Teploenergetika, No., 11, pp. 8-10; Efimov, A.A., Moskvin, L.N., Belozerskii, G.N., Kazakov, M.I., Gusev, B.A., Semenov, A.V., Mössbauer phase analysis of corrosion products dispersed in nuclear power station coolant (1989) Sov. At. Energy, 67, pp. 389-392; Brusov, K.N., Krutikov, P.G., Osminin, V.S., Chekmarev, A.M., (1988) Corrosion Products in the Nuclear Power Plant Circuits, , Energoatomizdat, Moscow; Kul’skii, L.A., Dushkin, S.S., (1987) Magnetic Field and Processes of Water Treatment, , Naukova Dumka, Kiev; Sandulyak, A.V., (1988) Magnetic Filtration Cleaning of Liquids and Gases, , Khimiya, Moscow; Tebenikhin, E.F., (1985) Reagent-Less Water Treatment Methods in Energy Plants, , Energoatomizdat, Moscow; Zubov, I.V., Kuzmicheva, L.V., Bogachko, Y.I., Operation of an electromagnetic filter in the scheme of a supercritical pressure power unit (1976) Teploenergetika, No., 12, pp. 66-69; Martynova, O.I., Kopylov, A.S., On the use of electromagnetic filters to remove ferromagnetic impurities from water (1972) Teploenergetika, No., 3, pp. 67-69; Florianovich, G.M., The mechanism of active dissolution of iron group metals,” in The Results of Science and Technology (1978) Ser.: Corrosion and Corrosion Protection (Vseross. Inst. Nauchn. and Tech. Inf, 6, pp. 136-179. , Moscow, in Russian; Kolotyrkin, Y.M., Florianovich, G.M., Anomalous dissolution of metals. Experimental facts and their theoretical interpretation (1984) Zashchita Metallov, 20, pp. 14-24; Styrikovich, M.A., Martynova, O.I., Miropol’skii, Z.L., (1969) Processes of Steam Generation at Power Plants, , Energiya, Moscow; Gerasimov, V.V., (1980) Corrosion of Reactor Materials, , Atomizdat, Moscow; Gusev, B.A., Efimov, A.A., Moskvin, L.N., Formation and chemical transformations of steel corrosion products in the primary systems of nuclear power plants (2022) Nucl. Technol., 208, pp. 1027-1048; Sandulyak, A.V., Fedotkin, I.M., (1983) Magnetic Deferrization of Condensate, , Energoatomizdat, Moscow; Kirichenko, V.S., Polyanskii, M.Y., Blikov, K.A., Shevchenko, E.V., Deferrization of waters of thermal power plants using electromagnetic filters,” Vodopodgot., Vodn (1978) Rezhim Khimkontrol Parosilovykh Ustanovkakh, No., 6, pp. 139-142; Martynova, O.I., (1974) Problems of Cleaning and Treatment of Make-Up Water at Large TPPs, , Energiya, Moscow; Kudryashov, L.A., Volgin, G.D., Eperin, A.P., Leonov, M.N., Industrial testing of the electromagnetic filter on NPP feed water (1986) Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Fiz. Yad. Reakt., 3, pp. 40-43; Schneider, V., Heitman, H.G., Rehfeld, H., Versucher gebnisse mit hochlaistungs–electromagnetfilter und deren genetable bedentung für die korrosionsproductfiltration in kraftwerke (1987) VGB – Kraftwerkstech, 67, pp. 514-519; Tsyrul’nikov, D.L., Yurchevskii, E.V., Velan, F.I., Test results of the electromagnetic filter on the secondary circuit of NPP with VVER-440 (1987) Teploenergetika, No., 4, pp. 34-37; Heitmann, H.G., Donath, G., Beyer, W., Einrichtung zur elektromagnetischen entfernung von eisenoxyden aus flussigkeit (1969) FRG Patent No. R1277488, , 23 E 1/06; Shterenshis, I.P., Lazarev, I.P., Fartukov, S.V., A study of magnetic filters for deferrization of feed water of NPP steam generators (1976) Teploenergetika, No., 9, pp. 18-20; Kolm, H.H., Latour, C., High gradient magnetic separation a water-treatment alternative (1976) J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 68, pp. 325-327; Kolm, H.H., (1972) Magnetic device, , US Patent No. 3676337; Marston, P., (1971) Magnetic separator, , US Patent No. 3627678; Kolm, H.H., Research needs in magnetic separation (1976) IEEE Trans. Magn., 12, pp. 450-454; Melville, D., Paul, F., Roath, S., High gradient magnetic separation of red cells from whole blood (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, pp. 1701-1704; Okumura, M., Akiyama, Y., Mori, T., Okada, H., Hirota, N., Yamaji, T., Matsuura, H., Nishijima, S., Removal of iron oxide scale from boiler feed-water in thermal power plant by magnetic separation-scale removal at high-temperature (2022) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 32, p. 3700705; Kwon, H.W., Hong, H.P., Ha, D.W., Kim, Y.H., Selective removal of Pb from aqueous phase by HGMS and ion-imprinted magnetic adsorbent (2021) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 31, p. 9349182; Kheshti, Z., Azodi Ghajar, K., Altaee, A., Kheshti, M.R., High-gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) combined with adsorption for nitrate removal from aqueous solution (2019) Sep. Purif. Technol., 212, pp. 650-659; Mori, M., Kubota, M., Abe, T., Kim, S.B., Ueda, H., Design and trial production of magnetic filter for medical protein screening system using high gradient magnetic separation (2019) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1293, p. 012081; Gill, S., Malone, S., Force on a small particle in the vicinity of a cylinder in a homogeneous magnetic field (1963) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 34, pp. 788-790; Oberteuffer, J., High gradient magnetic separation (1973) IEEE Trans. Magn., 9, pp. 303-306; Watson, J.H.P., Magnetic filtration (1973) J. Appl. Phys., 44, pp. 4209-4213; Watson, J.H.P., Theory of capture of particles in magnetic high-intensity filters (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, pp. 1597-1599; Dergach, V.G., Vladimirov, T.E., Karmazin, V.V., Pavlov, O.S., Magnetic separator (1967) Byull. Izobret, (9). , USSR Author Certificate No. 194677; Maxwell, S., Magnetic separation — The prospects for superconductivity (1975) Cryog. J., 4, p. 179; Watson, J.H.P., Magnetic filtration (1973) J. Appl. Phys., 44, p. 4209; Stekly, Z.J., Minervini, J.V., Shape effect of the matrix on the capture cross section of particles in high gradient magnetic separation (1976) IEEE Trans. Magn., 12, pp. 474-479; Prieve, D.S., Ruckenstein, E., Effect of London forces upon the rate of deposition of Brownian (1974) AlChE J., 20, pp. 1178-1187; Cummings, D.L., Prieve, D.C., Powers, G.J., The motion of small paramagnetic particles in a high gradient magnetic separator (1976) IEEE Trans. Magn., 12, pp. 471-473; Zebel, G.J., Deposition of aerosol flowing past a cylindrical fiber in a uniform electric field (1965) Colloid Sci., 20, pp. 522-543; Luborsky, F.E., Drummond, B.J., High gradient magnetic separation: Theory versus experiment (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, pp. 1696-1700; Luborsky, F.E., Drummond, B.J., Buildup of particles on fibers in a high field-high gradient separator (1976) IEEE Trans. Magn., 12, pp. 463-465; Birss, E.R., Gerber, V., Parker, H., High gradient magnetic separation,” (1976) In Proc. 2Nd Conf. on Advances in Magnetic Materials, p. ), p. 74.. , London, Sept. 1–3,, (Inst. of Electrical Engineers, London; Cowen, C., Friedlaender, F.J., Jaluria, R., High gradient magnetic field particle capture on a single wire (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, pp. 1600-1602; Cowen, C., Friedlaender, F.J., Jaluria, R., Single wire model of high gradient magnetic separation processes II (1976) IEEE Trans. Magn., 12, pp. 898-900; Moskvin, L.N., Efimov, A.A., Sosnovskaya, E.V., Gusev, B.A., Tomilov, S.B., Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to the determination of the phase composition of finely dispersed corrosion products of reactor materials in a water coolant (1981) Sov. At. Energy, 51, pp. 794-797; Gusev, B.A., Semenov, V.G., Panchuk, V.V., Numerical simulation of the process of high-gradient magnetic filtration (2016) Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 86, pp. 13-19; Gusev, B.A., Efimov, A.A., Mikhailov, N.N., Smirnova, M.N., Chilipenko, L.L., Moskvin, L.N., High gradient magnetic filter,” USSR Author Certificate No. 1785104, MPK B01D3506 (1998) Byull. Izobret., No., pp. 16-22; High gradient magnetic filter (2002) RF Patent No. 2190453, MPK B01D35/06; Gusev, B.A., Efimov, A.A., Isaev, A.S., (1991) High Gradient Magnetic filter,” USSR Author Certificate No, , 1777269; Gusev, B.A., Chilipenko, L.L., Kozlov, E.P., Kovalev, S.M., Kharakhnin, S.N., Tishchenko, V.N., High gradient magnetic filter (2003) RF Patent No. 2203124, MPK V01D35/06 B03C1/00 C02F1/48 C02F102/00, Byull. Izobret. No. 12; Gusev, B.A., Kirpikov, D.A., (2009) High Gradient Magnetic Filter, , RF Patent No. 2360740, MPK B03C1/025; Gusev, B.A., High gradient magnetic filter,” RF Patent No. 109004 (2012) MPK B01D35/06; Gusev, B.A., Orlenkov, I.S., Moskvin, L.N., Candler, N.G., Efimov, A.A., Aleshin, A.M., Krivobokov, V.V., Vavilkin, V.N., Experience in decontamination of naval reactor plants (2020) Nucl. Technol., 206, pp. 791-803; Gusev, B.A., Efimov, A.A., Zmitrodan, A.A., Orlenkov, I.S., Orlov, S.N., Panchuk, V.N., Influence of the transients and water chemistry parameters on corrosion product behavior in the primary system of naval reactor plants (2022) Nucl. Technol., 208, pp. 394-402; Apparatus for reagent-less cleaning of water of thermal networks from corrosion products (Magnetic filter (2007) Conformity Certificate No. ROSS RU.GS03.S00021 Of, , December 6

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - Abstract: The experience of developing methods of magnetic filtration (MF) for the purification of various aqueous media from impurities of iron oxides has been studied. An analysis of the reasons for the successes and failures of previous researchers in the development of methods and means of magnetic filtration has been carried out. Theoretical prerequisites for new technical solutions for high-gradient magnetic filters (HGMF) are considered. Laboratory experiments were performed on a high-gradient filter with a superconducting magnetic system using model solutions to determine the basic characteristics of the method. It has been established that it is sufficient to use permanent magnets based on rare earth elements (NdFeB, SmCo) as a magnetic field source to calculate the required magnetic field strength gradient. Designs of high-gradient filters with systems based on permanent magnets, as well as a program for numerical simulation of the process of processing particles of corrosion products of various phase and dispersed composition in a high-gradient magnetic field for these filters, have been developed. The tests results of VGMF of various designs for water treatment of spent fuel assemblies' (SFA) storage pools on a full-scale test bench—a prototype of a transport nuclear power plant (NPP) and a VVER-440 reactor plant—are presented. The efficiency of purification of the coolant of the first circuit from activated corrosion products by ion-exchange and high-gradient magnetic filters was compared when performing reagent-free decontamination of equipment. Certification of the innovative design of the VGMF with a system based on permanent magnets, which can be used to purify the water of heat supply systems of urban utilities from corrosion products, was carried out. © 2023, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

AB - Abstract: The experience of developing methods of magnetic filtration (MF) for the purification of various aqueous media from impurities of iron oxides has been studied. An analysis of the reasons for the successes and failures of previous researchers in the development of methods and means of magnetic filtration has been carried out. Theoretical prerequisites for new technical solutions for high-gradient magnetic filters (HGMF) are considered. Laboratory experiments were performed on a high-gradient filter with a superconducting magnetic system using model solutions to determine the basic characteristics of the method. It has been established that it is sufficient to use permanent magnets based on rare earth elements (NdFeB, SmCo) as a magnetic field source to calculate the required magnetic field strength gradient. Designs of high-gradient filters with systems based on permanent magnets, as well as a program for numerical simulation of the process of processing particles of corrosion products of various phase and dispersed composition in a high-gradient magnetic field for these filters, have been developed. The tests results of VGMF of various designs for water treatment of spent fuel assemblies' (SFA) storage pools on a full-scale test bench—a prototype of a transport nuclear power plant (NPP) and a VVER-440 reactor plant—are presented. The efficiency of purification of the coolant of the first circuit from activated corrosion products by ion-exchange and high-gradient magnetic filters was compared when performing reagent-free decontamination of equipment. Certification of the innovative design of the VGMF with a system based on permanent magnets, which can be used to purify the water of heat supply systems of urban utilities from corrosion products, was carried out. © 2023, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

KW - filter matrix

KW - high-gradient magnetic filter

KW - iron-corrosion products

KW - magnetic filtration

KW - permanent magnets

KW - phase composition

KW - water coolant

KW - Binary alloys

KW - Coolants

KW - Corrosion

KW - Fission products

KW - Ion exchange

KW - Iron alloys

KW - Iron oxides

KW - Magnetic fields

KW - Neodymium alloys

KW - Nuclear fuels

KW - Nuclear power plants

KW - Product design

KW - Purification

KW - Rare earths

KW - Water filtration

KW - Water treatment plants

KW - Aqueous media

KW - Corrosion products

KW - Filter matrixes

KW - Gradient filters

KW - High gradient

KW - High gradient magnetic filtrations

KW - High-gradient magnetic filter

KW - Iron corrosion products

KW - Magnetic filtration

KW - Water coolants

KW - Permanent magnets

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/5c6fcefa-4781-39d0-a30b-7ba2c55ff374/

U2 - 10.1134/s0040601523040031

DO - 10.1134/s0040601523040031

M3 - статья

VL - 70

SP - 271

EP - 280

JO - Thermal Engineering (English translation of Teploenergetika)

JF - Thermal Engineering (English translation of Teploenergetika)

SN - 0040-6015

IS - 4

ER -