Chitosan is a biopolymer possessing extensive properties like biodegradability and biocompatibility due to which it has been extensively used for multifunctional applications. Among the various uses the biomedical applications of chitosan have produced results which has taken us a step closer towards the inhibition of various lethal diseases. In order to improve the activity of chitosan or to improve the drug loading efficiency, composites of chitosan with other polymers, noble metals, nanotubes, bioglass and various other moieties have been prepared. The current review, focusses on the application of chitosan and chitosan based nanocomposites for the delivery of drugs thereby throwing light on how chitosan based systems enable the sustained and prolonged release of drugs thus leading to the effective treatment of infections and diseases.