Standard

Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. / Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Agudo, I.; Arkharov, A. A.; Bachev, R.; Baida, G. V.; Benítez, E.; Borman, G. A.; Boschin, W.; Bozhilov, V.; Butuzova, M. S.; Calcidese, P.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carosati, D.; Casadio, C.; Castro-Segura, N.; Chen, W. P.; Damljanovic, G.; D'Ammando, F.; Di Paola, A.; Echevarría, J.; Efimova, N. V.; Ehgamberdiev, Sh A.; Espinosa, C.; Fuentes, A.; Giunta, A.; Gómez, J. L.; Gurwell, M. A.; Hiriart, D.; Jermak, H.; Jordan, B.; Jorstad, S. G.; Joshi, M.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kuratov, K.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Larionov, V. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Larionova, L. V.; Lázaro, C.; Lin, C. S.; Malmrose, M. P.; Marscher, A. P.; Matsumoto, K.; McBreen, B.; Michel, R.; Mihov, B.; Minev, M.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Mokrushina, A. A.; Molina, S. N.; Moody, J. W.; Morozova, D. A.; Nazarov, S. V.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Ohlert, J. M.; Okhmat, D. N.; Ovcharov, E.; Pinna, F.; Polakis, T. A.; Protasio, C.; Pursimo, T.; Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J.; Rizzi, N.; Rodriguez-Coira, G.; Sadakane, K.; Sadun, A. C.; Samal, M. R.; Savchenko, S. S.; Semkov, E.; Skiff, B. A.; Slavcheva-Mihova, L.; Smith, P. S.; Steele, I. A.; Strigachev, A.; Tammi, J.; Thum, C.; Tornikoski, M.; Troitskaya, Yu. V.; Troitsky, I. S.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Гришина, Татьяна Сергеевна.

In: Nature, Vol. 552, No. 7685, 21.12.2017, p. 374-377.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Harvard

Raiteri, CM, Villata, M, Acosta-Pulido, JA, Agudo, I, Arkharov, AA, Bachev, R, Baida, GV, Benítez, E, Borman, GA, Boschin, W, Bozhilov, V, Butuzova, MS, Calcidese, P, Carnerero, MI, Carosati, D, Casadio, C, Castro-Segura, N, Chen, WP, Damljanovic, G, D'Ammando, F, Di Paola, A, Echevarría, J, Efimova, NV, Ehgamberdiev, SA, Espinosa, C, Fuentes, A, Giunta, A, Gómez, JL, Gurwell, MA, Hiriart, D, Jermak, H, Jordan, B, Jorstad, SG, Joshi, M, Kopatskaya, EN, Kuratov, K, Kurtanidze, OM, Kurtanidze, SO, Lähteenmäki, A, Larionov, VM, Larionova, EG, Larionova, LV, Lázaro, C, Lin, CS, Malmrose, MP, Marscher, AP, Matsumoto, K, McBreen, B, Michel, R, Mihov, B, Minev, M, Mirzaqulov, DO, Mokrushina, AA, Molina, SN, Moody, JW, Morozova, DA, Nazarov, SV, Nikolashvili, MG, Ohlert, JM, Okhmat, DN, Ovcharov, E, Pinna, F, Polakis, TA, Protasio, C, Pursimo, T, Redondo-Lorenzo, FJ, Rizzi, N, Rodriguez-Coira, G, Sadakane, K, Sadun, AC, Samal, MR, Savchenko, SS, Semkov, E, Skiff, BA, Slavcheva-Mihova, L, Smith, PS, Steele, IA, Strigachev, A, Tammi, J, Thum, C, Tornikoski, M, Troitskaya, YV, Troitsky, IS, Vasilyev, AA, Vince, O & Гришина, ТС 2017, 'Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet', Nature, vol. 552, no. 7685, pp. 374-377. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24623

APA

Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Arkharov, A. A., Bachev, R., Baida, G. V., Benítez, E., Borman, G. A., Boschin, W., Bozhilov, V., Butuzova, M. S., Calcidese, P., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Castro-Segura, N., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., ... Гришина, Т. С. (2017). Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. Nature, 552(7685), 374-377. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24623

Vancouver

Raiteri CM, Villata M, Acosta-Pulido JA, Agudo I, Arkharov AA, Bachev R et al. Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. Nature. 2017 Dec 21;552(7685):374-377. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24623

Author

Raiteri, C. M. ; Villata, M. ; Acosta-Pulido, J. A. ; Agudo, I. ; Arkharov, A. A. ; Bachev, R. ; Baida, G. V. ; Benítez, E. ; Borman, G. A. ; Boschin, W. ; Bozhilov, V. ; Butuzova, M. S. ; Calcidese, P. ; Carnerero, M. I. ; Carosati, D. ; Casadio, C. ; Castro-Segura, N. ; Chen, W. P. ; Damljanovic, G. ; D'Ammando, F. ; Di Paola, A. ; Echevarría, J. ; Efimova, N. V. ; Ehgamberdiev, Sh A. ; Espinosa, C. ; Fuentes, A. ; Giunta, A. ; Gómez, J. L. ; Gurwell, M. A. ; Hiriart, D. ; Jermak, H. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Joshi, M. ; Kopatskaya, E. N. ; Kuratov, K. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lähteenmäki, A. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Larionova, L. V. ; Lázaro, C. ; Lin, C. S. ; Malmrose, M. P. ; Marscher, A. P. ; Matsumoto, K. ; McBreen, B. ; Michel, R. ; Mihov, B. ; Minev, M. ; Mirzaqulov, D. O. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Molina, S. N. ; Moody, J. W. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nazarov, S. V. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Ohlert, J. M. ; Okhmat, D. N. ; Ovcharov, E. ; Pinna, F. ; Polakis, T. A. ; Protasio, C. ; Pursimo, T. ; Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J. ; Rizzi, N. ; Rodriguez-Coira, G. ; Sadakane, K. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Samal, M. R. ; Savchenko, S. S. ; Semkov, E. ; Skiff, B. A. ; Slavcheva-Mihova, L. ; Smith, P. S. ; Steele, I. A. ; Strigachev, A. ; Tammi, J. ; Thum, C. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitskaya, Yu. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Vasilyev, A. A. ; Vince, O. ; Гришина, Татьяна Сергеевна. / Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. In: Nature. 2017 ; Vol. 552, No. 7685. pp. 374-377.

BibTeX

@article{2dd4a6bc26d34b0aa70959eb4fa4005b,
title = "Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet",
abstract = "Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies. The mechanism that produces this unpredictable variability is under debate, but proposed mechanisms include injection, acceleration and cooling of particles, with possible intervention of shock waves or turbulence. Changes in the viewing angle of the observed emitting knots or jet regions have also been suggested as an explanation of flaring events and can also explain specific properties of blazar emission, such as intra-day variability, quasi-periodicity and the delay of radio flux variations relative to optical changes. Such a geometric interpretation, however, is not universally accepted because alternative explanations based on changes in physical conditions - such as the size and speed of the emitting zone, the magnetic field, the number of emitting particles and their energy distribution - can explain snapshots of the spectral behaviour of blazars in many cases. Here we report the results of optical-to-radio-wavelength monitoring of the blazar CTA 102 and show that the observed long-term trends of the flux and spectral variability are best explained by an inhomogeneous, curved jet that undergoes changes in orientation over time. We propose that magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or rotation of the twisted jet cause different jet regions to change their orientation and hence their relative Doppler factors. In particular, the extreme optical outburst of 2016-2017 (brightness increase of six magnitudes) occurred when the corresponding emitting region had a small viewing angle. The agreement between observations and theoretical predictions can be seen as further validation of the relativistic beaming theory.",
author = "Raiteri, {C. M.} and M. Villata and Acosta-Pulido, {J. A.} and I. Agudo and Arkharov, {A. A.} and R. Bachev and Baida, {G. V.} and E. Ben{\'i}tez and Borman, {G. A.} and W. Boschin and V. Bozhilov and Butuzova, {M. S.} and P. Calcidese and Carnerero, {M. I.} and D. Carosati and C. Casadio and N. Castro-Segura and Chen, {W. P.} and G. Damljanovic and F. D'Ammando and {Di Paola}, A. and J. Echevarr{\'i}a and Efimova, {N. V.} and Ehgamberdiev, {Sh A.} and C. Espinosa and A. Fuentes and A. Giunta and G{\'o}mez, {J. L.} and Gurwell, {M. A.} and D. Hiriart and H. Jermak and B. Jordan and Jorstad, {S. G.} and M. Joshi and Kopatskaya, {E. N.} and K. Kuratov and Kurtanidze, {O. M.} and Kurtanidze, {S. O.} and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and Larionov, {V. M.} and Larionova, {E. G.} and Larionova, {L. V.} and C. L{\'a}zaro and Lin, {C. S.} and Malmrose, {M. P.} and Marscher, {A. P.} and K. Matsumoto and B. McBreen and R. Michel and B. Mihov and M. Minev and Mirzaqulov, {D. O.} and Mokrushina, {A. A.} and Molina, {S. N.} and Moody, {J. W.} and Morozova, {D. A.} and Nazarov, {S. V.} and Nikolashvili, {M. G.} and Ohlert, {J. M.} and Okhmat, {D. N.} and E. Ovcharov and F. Pinna and Polakis, {T. A.} and C. Protasio and T. Pursimo and Redondo-Lorenzo, {F. J.} and N. Rizzi and G. Rodriguez-Coira and K. Sadakane and Sadun, {A. C.} and Samal, {M. R.} and Savchenko, {S. S.} and E. Semkov and Skiff, {B. A.} and L. Slavcheva-Mihova and Smith, {P. S.} and Steele, {I. A.} and A. Strigachev and J. Tammi and C. Thum and M. Tornikoski and Troitskaya, {Yu. V.} and Troitsky, {I. S.} and Vasilyev, {A. A.} and O. Vince and Гришина, {Татьяна Сергеевна}",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1038/nature24623",
language = "English",
volume = "552",
pages = "374--377",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7685",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet

AU - Raiteri, C. M.

AU - Villata, M.

AU - Acosta-Pulido, J. A.

AU - Agudo, I.

AU - Arkharov, A. A.

AU - Bachev, R.

AU - Baida, G. V.

AU - Benítez, E.

AU - Borman, G. A.

AU - Boschin, W.

AU - Bozhilov, V.

AU - Butuzova, M. S.

AU - Calcidese, P.

AU - Carnerero, M. I.

AU - Carosati, D.

AU - Casadio, C.

AU - Castro-Segura, N.

AU - Chen, W. P.

AU - Damljanovic, G.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - Di Paola, A.

AU - Echevarría, J.

AU - Efimova, N. V.

AU - Ehgamberdiev, Sh A.

AU - Espinosa, C.

AU - Fuentes, A.

AU - Giunta, A.

AU - Gómez, J. L.

AU - Gurwell, M. A.

AU - Hiriart, D.

AU - Jermak, H.

AU - Jordan, B.

AU - Jorstad, S. G.

AU - Joshi, M.

AU - Kopatskaya, E. N.

AU - Kuratov, K.

AU - Kurtanidze, O. M.

AU - Kurtanidze, S. O.

AU - Lähteenmäki, A.

AU - Larionov, V. M.

AU - Larionova, E. G.

AU - Larionova, L. V.

AU - Lázaro, C.

AU - Lin, C. S.

AU - Malmrose, M. P.

AU - Marscher, A. P.

AU - Matsumoto, K.

AU - McBreen, B.

AU - Michel, R.

AU - Mihov, B.

AU - Minev, M.

AU - Mirzaqulov, D. O.

AU - Mokrushina, A. A.

AU - Molina, S. N.

AU - Moody, J. W.

AU - Morozova, D. A.

AU - Nazarov, S. V.

AU - Nikolashvili, M. G.

AU - Ohlert, J. M.

AU - Okhmat, D. N.

AU - Ovcharov, E.

AU - Pinna, F.

AU - Polakis, T. A.

AU - Protasio, C.

AU - Pursimo, T.

AU - Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J.

AU - Rizzi, N.

AU - Rodriguez-Coira, G.

AU - Sadakane, K.

AU - Sadun, A. C.

AU - Samal, M. R.

AU - Savchenko, S. S.

AU - Semkov, E.

AU - Skiff, B. A.

AU - Slavcheva-Mihova, L.

AU - Smith, P. S.

AU - Steele, I. A.

AU - Strigachev, A.

AU - Tammi, J.

AU - Thum, C.

AU - Tornikoski, M.

AU - Troitskaya, Yu. V.

AU - Troitsky, I. S.

AU - Vasilyev, A. A.

AU - Vince, O.

AU - Гришина, Татьяна Сергеевна

PY - 2017/12/21

Y1 - 2017/12/21

N2 - Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies. The mechanism that produces this unpredictable variability is under debate, but proposed mechanisms include injection, acceleration and cooling of particles, with possible intervention of shock waves or turbulence. Changes in the viewing angle of the observed emitting knots or jet regions have also been suggested as an explanation of flaring events and can also explain specific properties of blazar emission, such as intra-day variability, quasi-periodicity and the delay of radio flux variations relative to optical changes. Such a geometric interpretation, however, is not universally accepted because alternative explanations based on changes in physical conditions - such as the size and speed of the emitting zone, the magnetic field, the number of emitting particles and their energy distribution - can explain snapshots of the spectral behaviour of blazars in many cases. Here we report the results of optical-to-radio-wavelength monitoring of the blazar CTA 102 and show that the observed long-term trends of the flux and spectral variability are best explained by an inhomogeneous, curved jet that undergoes changes in orientation over time. We propose that magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or rotation of the twisted jet cause different jet regions to change their orientation and hence their relative Doppler factors. In particular, the extreme optical outburst of 2016-2017 (brightness increase of six magnitudes) occurred when the corresponding emitting region had a small viewing angle. The agreement between observations and theoretical predictions can be seen as further validation of the relativistic beaming theory.

AB - Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies. The mechanism that produces this unpredictable variability is under debate, but proposed mechanisms include injection, acceleration and cooling of particles, with possible intervention of shock waves or turbulence. Changes in the viewing angle of the observed emitting knots or jet regions have also been suggested as an explanation of flaring events and can also explain specific properties of blazar emission, such as intra-day variability, quasi-periodicity and the delay of radio flux variations relative to optical changes. Such a geometric interpretation, however, is not universally accepted because alternative explanations based on changes in physical conditions - such as the size and speed of the emitting zone, the magnetic field, the number of emitting particles and their energy distribution - can explain snapshots of the spectral behaviour of blazars in many cases. Here we report the results of optical-to-radio-wavelength monitoring of the blazar CTA 102 and show that the observed long-term trends of the flux and spectral variability are best explained by an inhomogeneous, curved jet that undergoes changes in orientation over time. We propose that magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or rotation of the twisted jet cause different jet regions to change their orientation and hence their relative Doppler factors. In particular, the extreme optical outburst of 2016-2017 (brightness increase of six magnitudes) occurred when the corresponding emitting region had a small viewing angle. The agreement between observations and theoretical predictions can be seen as further validation of the relativistic beaming theory.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040013558&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature24623

DO - 10.1038/nature24623

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85040013558

VL - 552

SP - 374

EP - 377

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

SN - 0028-0836

IS - 7685

ER -

ID: 16272502