The Black Sea region remains a strategically important buffer zone for the Russian Federation and at the same time a communication bridge between the East and the West. Serious security challenges may arise on the regional space, and Russia and NATO have always interfered into those conflicts and incidents. In addition, the problem of conventional arms control in the region is also topical. Today, the emergence of new types of conventional weapons, contributing to the phenomenon of contactless warfare, has become an irreversible trend. So in the future, the conventional arms control regime in Europe (CFE), in order to remain relevant to strengthening security, will inevitably have to extend to such types of weapons that are not enshrined in the CFE Treaty. In such circumstances, signing of a new agreement seems to be a top priority for the international society.