The paper presents the analytical review and author's considerations on the basic components and principles of the effectivepsychological technologies (programs) focused on HIV prevention. Using the international and local experience of health psychology practice, and the results of the empirical studies, and the psychological conception of HIV prevention incorporated the main positions of ecological and behavioral approaches the authors present the basic components which should be considered in developing and realization of different psychological prevention programs in order to reach the highest level of effectiveness in changing HIV risk behaviors on individual and group levels. The authors describe in details the main targets of prevention interventions including the level of knowledge, the attitudes and behavioral skills, social support components and the principles of the effective behavioral programs. Considering the psychological HIV prevention as the process of interaction between the subjects and objects for prevention intervention the authors present the main psychological characteristics, behavioral skills and attitudes which are important for the specialists invol-ved in prevention activities in terms of their significant influence on successful behavior changes in target populations.