TY - JOUR

T1 - Automated liquid-liquid microextraction and determination of sulfonamides in urine samples based on Schiff bases formation in natural deep eutectic solvent media

AU - Shakirova, Firuza

AU - Shishov, Andrey

AU - Bulatov, Andrey

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2021/11/1

Y1 - 2021/11/1

N2 - In this work, an automated liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for the determination of sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine and sulfapyridine) in urine samples using natural deep eutectic solvent is presented for the first time. The mechanism for extraction of sulfonamides was based on the formation of colored Schiff bases in the presence of vanillin, which acted as a derivatization reagent and precursor of natural deep eutectic solvent (an extractant). In this procedure, thymol was used as both media for Schiff bases formation and as a second precursor of the natural deep eutectic solvent. The formation of the Schiff bases was confirmed by mass spectrometry. A Lab-In-Syringe concept was applied for the automation of the microextraction procedure. The procedure involved mixing the sample and natural deep eutectic solvent into a syringe of a flow system, formation and microextraction of colored Schiff base followed by UV–Vis detection. Under optimal automated conditions the limits of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3s (sigma) were 0.06, 0.1, and 0.06 mg L−1 for sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine. The proposed automated procedure permitted the routine determination of one drug (sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine or sulfapyridine) in urine samples to be achieved in less than 10 min.

AB - In this work, an automated liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for the determination of sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine and sulfapyridine) in urine samples using natural deep eutectic solvent is presented for the first time. The mechanism for extraction of sulfonamides was based on the formation of colored Schiff bases in the presence of vanillin, which acted as a derivatization reagent and precursor of natural deep eutectic solvent (an extractant). In this procedure, thymol was used as both media for Schiff bases formation and as a second precursor of the natural deep eutectic solvent. The formation of the Schiff bases was confirmed by mass spectrometry. A Lab-In-Syringe concept was applied for the automation of the microextraction procedure. The procedure involved mixing the sample and natural deep eutectic solvent into a syringe of a flow system, formation and microextraction of colored Schiff base followed by UV–Vis detection. Under optimal automated conditions the limits of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3s (sigma) were 0.06, 0.1, and 0.06 mg L−1 for sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine. The proposed automated procedure permitted the routine determination of one drug (sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine or sulfapyridine) in urine samples to be achieved in less than 10 min.

KW - Lab-in-syringe

KW - Liquid-liquid microextraction

KW - Natural deep eutectic solvent

KW - Sulfonamides

KW - Urea

KW - Solvents

KW - Limit of Detection

KW - Liquid Phase Microextraction

KW - Syringes

KW - Schiff Bases

KW - ACID

KW - CHOLINE CHLORIDE

KW - CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - DERIVATIZATION

KW - HPLC-UV DETERMINATION

KW - TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE

KW - FLUORESCENCE

KW - SEPARATION

KW - EFFICIENT

KW - SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108884122&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122660

DO - 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122660

M3 - Article

C2 - 34364468

AN - SCOPUS:85108884122

VL - 234

JO - Talanta

JF - Talanta

SN - 0039-9140

M1 - 122660

ER -