Apoprotein A-1 is the major protein of antiatherogenic high density lipoproteins and one of the key proteins regulating reverse cholesterol transport. The goal of this work was to study the association of the APOA1 gene polymorphism with development of atherosclerosis in the population of St. Petersburg. Allelic frequencies of polymorphic variants (-75)G/A and 83C/T of the APOA1 gene were determined in a group of patients with angiographically proven atherosclerosis and in the control group. Allele 83T of the APOA1 gene was associated with a lower risk of developing atherosclerosis in residents of St. Petersburg.