With the emergence of the digital wave, the problem of regional imbalance in the development of China’s digital economy remains serious. The purpose of this research is to scientifically construct a system of indicators of China’s digital economy development level and to dissect the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China’s digital economy development. The hypothesis is that the larger the comprehensive index of digital economy development level, the higher the level of digital economy development, the larger the Gini coefficient, the more obvious the difference in digital economy development level. The innovation is the construction of an evaluation index system for digital economy development level, the measurement of China’s digital economy development level, and the analysis of the differences between the three regions. The theoretical significance is that it enriches the evaluation index system of China’s digital economy development level and provides theoretical support. The practical significance is that it promotes the realization of high-quality economic and social development in China. The results of the research show that overall, the level of China’s digital economy development is steadily increasing, but the phenomenon of inter-regional differences is evident, while the degree of variation is gradually decreasing. In terms of the driving factors, the level of economic development, industrial structure, intellectual property protection and technological development all contribute significantly to the development of the level of the digital economy, while government intervention inhibits the development of the digital economy.