An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

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An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state. / MAGIC Collaboration.

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 496, No. 3, 08.2020, p. 3912-3928.

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Author

MAGIC Collaboration. / An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020 ; Vol. 496, No. 3. pp. 3912-3928.

BibTeX

@article{87c668290de543cb8bc0ac083f3fc16b,

title = "An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state",

abstract = "Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at νs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the ground-based γ-ray telescope FACT during a high γ-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Γ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ-ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys. We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.",

keywords = "galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514, gamma-rays: galaxies, TELESCOPE, SPECTRAL VARIABILITY, OBJECTS, OBSERVATORY SUPERNOVA SEARCH, RADIATION, DISCOVERY, CONNECTION, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, MODELS, GALAXIES",

author = "{MAGIC Collaboration} and Acciari, {V. A.} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and {Arbet Engels}, A. and A. Babi{\'c} and B. Banerjee and {Barres de Almeida}, U. and Barrio, {J. A.} and {Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez}, J. and W. Bednarek and L. Bellizzi and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and J. Besenrieder and W. Bhattacharyya and C. Bigongiari and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and {\v Z}. Bo{\v s}njak and G. Busetto and R. Carosi and G. Ceribella and M. Cerruti and Y. Chai and A. Chilingaryan and S. Cikota and Colak, {S. M.} and U. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and V. D'Elia and {da Vela}, P. and F. Dazzi and {de Angelis}, A. and {de Lotto}, B. and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and D. Depaoli and {di Pierro}, F. and {di Venere}, L. and {Do Souto Espi{\~n}eira}, E. and {Dominis Prester}, D. and A. Donini and M. Doro and D. Elsaesser and {Fallah Ramazani}, V. and A. Fattorini and Larionov, {V. M.}",

year = "2020",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/staa1702",

language = "English",

volume = "496",

pages = "3912--3928",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "3",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

AU - MAGIC Collaboration

AU - Acciari, V. A.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Arbet Engels, A.

AU - Babić, A.

AU - Banerjee, B.

AU - Barres de Almeida, U.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Becerra González, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Bellizzi, L.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Berti, A.

AU - Besenrieder, J.

AU - Bhattacharyya, W.

AU - Bigongiari, C.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Bošnjak, Ž.

AU - Busetto, G.

AU - Carosi, R.

AU - Ceribella, G.

AU - Cerruti, M.

AU - Chai, Y.

AU - Chilingaryan, A.

AU - Cikota, S.

AU - Colak, S. M.

AU - Colin, U.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - D'Elia, V.

AU - da Vela, P.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - de Angelis, A.

AU - de Lotto, B.

AU - Delfino, M.

AU - Delgado, J.

AU - Depaoli, D.

AU - di Pierro, F.

AU - di Venere, L.

AU - Do Souto Espiñeira, E.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Donini, A.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Fallah Ramazani, V.

AU - Fattorini, A.

AU - Larionov, V. M.

PY - 2020/8

Y1 - 2020/8

N2 - Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at νs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the ground-based γ-ray telescope FACT during a high γ-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Γ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ-ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys. We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.

AB - Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at νs ≥ 1017 Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the ground-based γ-ray telescope FACT during a high γ-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) γ-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE γ-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Γ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE γ-ray band is 2.04 ± 0.12stat ± 0.15sys. We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.

KW - galaxies: active

KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514

KW - gamma-rays: galaxies

KW - TELESCOPE

KW - SPECTRAL VARIABILITY

KW - OBJECTS

KW - OBSERVATORY SUPERNOVA SEARCH

KW - RADIATION

KW - DISCOVERY

KW - CONNECTION

KW - GAMMA-RAY EMISSION

KW - MODELS

KW - GALAXIES

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/91088d55-3373-3e2f-9917-98af50cc76b7/

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staa1702

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staa1702

M3 - Article

VL - 496

SP - 3912

EP - 3928

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 3

ER -

ID: 61380386