Urbanized ecosystems of the Arctic environment are considered as the most important example of invasive species redistribution into habitats which are not typical for them. In this context, urbanized ecosystems has been investigated in terms of biological invasions and local natural communities transformation into anthropogenic ones. It is shown, that transformation of the flora and microfungi is caused mainly by transformation of hydrothermic regime under the change of soil cover surface, which is considered as frequent consequence of the urbanization (construction, mining). Urbanogenic floras are considered as relatively stable and competitive. Indexes of α- and β-biodiversity of microorganisms are very different in soils of technogenic and mature landscapes, which is caused by the presence of the invasive species. The diversity of microorganisms shows tend to increase due to anthropogenic and ornitogenic translocation. Newly formed communities become comparatively stable and results in sanitary-hygienic risks related to the pathogenesis. An intensification of the tourism, transport activity, and increase of urbanization result in intensive transformation of the local faunas. Increment and expansion of urbanized territories results in extending of the area to the northern margin of terrestrial borders of Eurasia, this also has an effect in formation of the food chains and holistic changes in ecosystems.