In this review we analyzed the published data on the pathological alterations in the functional ac-tivity of anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Based on the literature data, an assumption is made that the level of functional activity of the anterior cingulate cortex may vary de-pending on duration of the disease. At the same time, the alterations in the level of functional activity at rest and when involved in maintaining brain functions may have different characteristics.