In today’s world, one of the significant environmental challenges refers to fossil fuels and energy. According to human daily need for energy, its production and consumption are also undeniable. Therefore, with science progression and knowledge application, renewable and new energies have been introduced. Batteries are mentioned as a one of the significant energy storages devices. Polymeric materials are widely used for battery designing due to their diversity in chemical structure, desirable properties, and modification ability. Battery efficiency, cycle time, charging rate, storage capacity, discharge rate, compatibility, appropriate kinetic strength, and ionic transfer rate are significant challenges for their design. In this field, nanoparticles have been widely used besides polymers for battery development. They affect different properties of polymer-based electrolytes including structural properties beside battery performance. Therefore, there are many research works on introduction of nanoparticles into polymer-based electrolytes to enhance performance of fabricated batteries. Herein, we have reviewed the effect of different nanoparticles on battery performance of polymer-based electrolytes.