A new species, Phoebodus curvatus from the Middle and Upper Devonian of the Middle and South Urals is described. The teeth of the new species differ from the teeth of other Phoebodus species in the very long lateral cusps curved lingually, and narrow labio-basal projection protruding beyond the labial edge. The distribution of all known Phoebodus species is analyzed. The ranges of five previously established phoebodontid zones are revised and emended. Two species radiations are recorded in the Late Frasnian and the Middle-Late Famennian.