The creation of three-dimensional cellular models promotes the study of tumor microenvironment. It contributes to a more adequate assessment of the therapeutic effects on malignant cells, which improves the prognostic value of preclinical research and promotes the progress of effective drug therapy for malignant tumors. In this study, 3D models (tumoroids) were obtained from solid tumors cells of patients treated at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy on tumoroids with previous treatment of patients was analyzed.