The article reviews the sociology of Singapore, mainly its history and main directions of the formation – structural, institutional and cultural. Based on the analysis of publications, it presents period of emergence and development of sociology till the end of the 1990s, the exogenous nature of sociology, features of its institutionalization, the international character of emerging sociology. Connections with anthropology as a basic foundation are stated, as well as relations of the sociology in Singapore with European and American sociology, and with specific empirical studies of the islanders’ community. The analysis of main directions of work of Singaporean sociologists relates to development of theory, methodology and methods of sociological research; an overview is offered of the current social space of sociological research, as well as directions of research results implementation. Conclusions are drawn about the cognitive significance of Singaporean sociology for analyzing trends in the developing world sociological science and about the unity of theory and practice in the activities of Singaporean sociologists as a double mandate of their efforts.