The observed changes in the Earth’s climate necessitate monitoring the content of greenhouse gases, primarily CO<inf>2</inf>, the main anthropogenic gas. In recent decades, satellite remote sensing has been actively used to monitor the total content of CO<inf>2</inf> and its anthropogenic emission. The paper presents examples of analysis of XCO<inf>2</inf> measurements by the OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2) satellite in order to study the spatiotemporal distribution of CO<inf>2</inf> in the vicinity of industrial cities in Russia (16 cities) and estimate its anthropogenic emission. For a number of the cities (Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk), temporal variations of XCO<inf>2</inf> were studied in detail, and for Chelyabinsk, estimates of anthropogenic CO<inf>2</inf> emission were given using OCO-2 measurements. The seasonal course of XCO<inf>2</inf> in the area of the cities under study is characterized by a maximum in late winter–early spring and a minimum in late summer, which corre sponds to the seasonal change in the CO<inf>2</inf> content in other parts of the planet. According to OCO-2 measurements in the cities of Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg, the range of long-term trends in XCO<inf>2</inf> is 1.9–2.7 ppm/yr. Using OCO-2 measurements of June 5, 2021, CO<inf>2</inf> emission from the territory of Chelyabinsk was estimated at 16 Mt·yr–1 from the territory of the probable source or ~0.9 Mt·yr–1·km–2. Analysis of anthropogenic CO<inf>2</inf> emission based on the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) v8.0 inventory databases for 2021 showed that the specific gas emission in the city was ~0.5 Mt·g–1·km–2.