The Soviet-Yugoslav relations after the breakup of Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin in 1948 were primarily problematic. Subsequently, the parties repeatedly tried to overcome the existing contradictions, which, basically, were ideological in nature and concerned the foundations of the internal life of a socialist state. At the same time, the positions of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia on international issues were joint. The 1970s were marked by active intensification of bilateral relations, when, as a result of Josip Broz Tito’s many personal meetings with Leonid Brezhnev, agreement was reached on policy issues of principle, and agreements were concluded in the field of economics and trade, culture and science. This scholarly article is devoted to the analysis of the political and economic relations of the two countries in the 1970s, which can be qualified as friendly. Meanwhile, mutual distrust and misunderstanding remained the stumbling block that did not allow to call the relations of the two countries allied.