Based on archival documents, including those first introduced into scientific circulation, the article examines the activities of the Galician-Russian charity, the degree of interaction with the authorities of the Russian Empire, the influence of the authorities on the activities of the Society and the solution of the Rusyn issue in Austria-Hungary. The authors come to the conclusion that from the moment of its foundation until 1909, charitable and cultural-educational motives prevailed in the activities of the Society. Since 1909, political motives have also appeared in the Society’s activities related to counteracting Austro-Hungarian agitation among the Ruthenian population of Galicia.