The article deals with the period that entered the Soviet history as the period of the «great turning point», that is, the period of fundamental economic reform aimed at creating a socialist economic and legal mechanism. The subject of the article is the ideological struggle that unfolded in the late twenties in the party-state apparatus on the construction of a socialist economy in the USSR. The author shows how a significant ideological crisis that arose in the second half of the twenties of the last century led to the emergence of economic problems in the country. The method of economic regulation acquires ideological significance, which was manifested in the assessments of the new economic policy and in the content of the economic policy of the Soviet state. From this point of view, the article analyzes the right and left opposition and the “General” line in the party and concludes that in the late twenties the party faced not the so-called “right” bias, but a steep turn of the General line of the party.