Te paper discusses the development of selfconsciousness in the XX-th century. Te author qualifed this process as the formation of perspectivism, in the context of the problems of the frst and third person. Te specify of historical and philosophical refection are compared with those in the neirosciences. Te paper develops the author’s interpretation of the French and Anglo-American historical and philosophical discussions in the second half of the XX Century on the example of the ideas of M. Foucault, J. Deleuze, R. Rorty, J. Passmore, specifes the position of the frst and third person in the historical and philosophical study.