The later history of the 1st Babylonian Dynasty (about 1711–1595 BC) remains yet one of the poorly
studied periods of the Ancient Mesopotamian history. There is no clear answer to the question of
what caused the collapse of the Old Babylonian state, once established by the famous Hammurapi,
and the overthrow of his dynasty, and who was the actual enemy that destroyed the city of Babylon in 1595 BC. Recent publications of cuneiform records and archaeological data shed some light on the problems and allow us to re-evaluate the role of climate and environmental changes and migration movements in political and demographic processes in South Mesopotamia in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC.