Diversity and structure of fungal communities on the monuments of National Preserve of Tauric Chersonesos (Sevastopol, Crimea) were investigated. The damaged marble and limestone monuments on the open area of Chersonesos as well as ancient things (ceramics, marble and limestone) in the museum placements were analyzed by complex of mycological methods. As result 118 species of micro-mycetes were identificated. Most of them were isolated from damaged rock monuments, which were exposed on the open air (104 species). Also 50 species were isolated from exhibiting and saving things in the museum placements. Only 36 species were common for both of indoor and outdoor environment. The peculiarities of fungal communities composition on the different substrates as well as destructive role of micromycetes on the historical monuments in Chersonesos are discussed.