In the second part of this work we consider the question of "unreasonable effectiveness" of mathematics in the context of the 20th century and today's science. We explain why the revolutionary changes in mathematics and physics occurred in the beginning of the 20th century made earlier answers to this question unsatisfactory. The main claim of this part of our work is the following: the project of new realistic physics formulated by Einstein in his debate with Bohr nowadays is again pertinent because of some latest developments in foundations of mathematics. This is why the pattern of Classical realistic science where mathematics serves as an effective means of theoretical description and experimental design (van Fraassen) remains relevant to today's science and may motivate new ambitious research programs.