This article analyzes the characteristics of the religious policy of the Soviet state in 1917-1918 years, to determine its development for years to come. During this period of revolutionary upheavals it has developed a common strategy for the religious policy of the Soviet authorities aimed at the full replacement of the Orthodox Church from all spheres of society with a view to its complete elimination. The Soviet state from the very first months of its existence, proclaimed the separation of church state, depriving the church of ownership and legal entity, actually let her charitable, religious and educational activities. The main outcome of the first events of the Soviet state in the religious sphere had begun deepening the split of society into believers and non-believers with their opposition to each other, as well as the translation of the atheistic power of the ideological confrontation with the Orthodox Church to the political struggle with repression.