In the article has been attempted to analyze the US policy on the principles of «Armed neutrality» on the basis of both Russian and American works and published archival materials (protocols and resolutions of the Continental Congress, diplomatic correspondence and the letters of prominent leaders of the American revolution). The authors of this article have examined in detail the importance of the Declaration on «Armed neutrality» in the formation of domestic and foreign policy challenges of the United States during the War of Independence, which was reflected in the implementation of its principles in its own legislation and in the organization of F. Dane’s mission to Russia. The article also is highlighted the opinions on the policy of «Armed neutrality» of well-known American statemen as G. Washington, J. Adams and B. Franklin.