The publication describes the Polish factor in the history of the Civil War in the South Russia. Attention is paid to relations between Poland and the White South, in particular, the author analyzes the negotiations between the Polish military command A.I. Denikin, and then P.N. Wrangel. According to the author, Poland was afraid of the revival of a strong Russian state, which could call into question the independence gained by the Poles, and, as a result, saw a threat in the possible victory of the White Guards in the Civil War. Without providing military assistance to Denikin, and then to Wrangel, Poland played a major role in the defeat of the White South in the military confrontation with the Red Army. At the same time, in 1920, it was Poland, starting the war with Soviet Russia, that "extended the life" of the Wrangel regime in Crimea.