This article discusses various types of weapons, as the most important visual elements of the visual image of the Mongol conquerors and markers of the categories «friend/foe» in the era of Gothic miniature. The source base of the research is primarily represented by iconographic sources - 15 illuminated French manuscripts stored in the collections of National Libraries and museums of the Russian Federation, the United States and European countries. Comparison of pictorial monuments with Latin Old French and Armenian written sources allows us to state that in medieval book miniatures, the image of weapons had its own cultural code, playing the role of a social and ethnic marker. In relation to the Mongols, the depiction of various types of weapons could embody some textual descriptive characteristics in a more concise form - the skillful ability to shoot a bow; the sacredness of the highest Khan power, the social stratigraphy of a nomadic society. It is also noted in this article that the depicted items of weapons could act as a marker of «other» or «alien», emphasizing the Eastern origin, non-religion and foreignness of the Mongols.