Razdorskoe 1, one of the best studied Chalcolithic settlements in the south of Eastern Europe, provided data for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Six Chalcolithic beds of the studied site yielded synthetic data on anthropology, archaeozoology (including mammals, fishes, and molluscs), and palynology and microalgology, indicating steppe-like landscapes in the vicinity of the site. Extensive floodplain and gully forests were accompanied by pine forests at watersheds. Due to a variety of habitats, the local people practiced rangeland cattle-breeding, and hunted for a variety of large wild ungulates, fur-bearing animals, and birds. Fishery was of a secondary significance in the food economy.