The article presents for the first time the historiography of Paracelsian thought in Russian 20th century culture. The authors detail the reception of Paracelsiana in the works of scholars, ideologists, fiction authors, philosophers and occultists. Based on the works of authors from the USSR and the Russia abroad, the paper demonstrates how Paracelsus’ image and ways of theming his heritage in Russian culture transformed at different stages of history. For the first time oeuvre of Nikolai Morozov, Vladimir Proskuryakov, Basilio de Telepnef and Sergius Golowin are considered through the prism of Paracelsianism’s reception. Based on extensive material, the authors of the article highlight the key features of Paracelsus’ reception, typical for thinkers who lived in the USSR, on the one hand, and who lived in exile, on the other.