The article is devoted to analyzing the impact of the size of ethnic groups on the ethnic policy towards them. Th s article examines the policy on such national minorities as First Nations (Indians) and French Canadians. Figures of the population of these ethnic groups are analyzed from a historical perspective. Attention is being given to the dynamics of ratio between sizes of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ethnic groups as well as between numbers of French Canadians and English Canadians. Based on the matching of trends in the number of these ethnic groups with the tendencies in ethnic policy the article concluded that the size of ethnic groups determined the nature of the measures implemented by authorities in the area of interethnic relations. Author argues that assimilation policy began to be applied towards Indians when whites began to dominate numerically over Indigenous people in Canada. The same occurred when French Canadians became a minority compared to English-speaking Canadians. However, increase