Compliance is a very important indicator for the successful prognosis of therapy for patients of various nosological groups. This is especially true for patients with hemoblastosis who have been treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This procedure, despite its proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases of the hematopoietic system, imposes on patients a number of specific and categorical restrictions that relate to many aspects of their lifestyle. The theoretical significance of this research is determined by the exceptional role of compliance in the process of recovery of patients with hemoblastosis in the day-stay hospital. The need to study the relationship of compliant behavior with the emotional state and peculiarities of the volitional sphere of patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation treatment, before being discharged to the day-stay hospital, is undoubtedly obvious. The hypothesis of the research implies the existence of pronounced relationships between the above characteristics. The sample consisted of 30 patients from 18 to 64 years old (20 men and 10 women) undergoing treatment at the Department of BMT for adults at the clinic of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology named. R.M. Gorbachev. The objectives of the study were: the study of the peculiarities of the psychoemotional state of patients, the characteristics of their volitional sphere and compliant behavior. To solve the tasks, a compiled clinical diagnostic interview, psychodiagnostic methods and methods of mathematical statistics were used to process and analyze the data obtained. The results allowed formulating the following conclusions: high rates of compliant behavior are directly related to the internal locus of control and high volitional self-regulation, also low neuroticism rates and the absence of depressive moods have a positive effect on treatment adherence in patients with BMT before discharge day hospital.