Psychological and psychopathological features of personality and psychological state of oncological patients are considered. There are results of study of some clinical and clinical-psychological indicators in 75 women with first-time diagnosed oncological diseases at the stage of active specialized treatment. It was shown that high indicators of anxiety, depression, actual and personal anxiety are combined with low rates of suicidal willingness, actualization of anti-suicidal factors, decreasing quality of life indicators, and personal responses impairing psychological adaptation. The revealed violating features of psychological adaptation made it possible to distinguish three blocks of tasks and targets of psychotherapeutic assistance for these patients taking into account a stage of the main treatment.