We presented two cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in children with solid tumors, data of IA patients register, and a literature review. In the register of patients with IA (1997–2018), we found 57 patients with IA from 0 to 18 years. It was established that the number of patients with solid tumors was 15.7 %. Background diseases were: central nervous system tumors – 33.5 %, neuroblastoma – 33.5 %, osteosarcoma – 11.0 %, Wilms tumor – 11.0 %, hemangioblastoma – 11.0 %. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was reported in 100 % of IA cases in children and adolescents with solid tumors. The additional risk factors were treatment in intensive care unit – 22.2 %, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – 22.2 %, concomitant bacterial infection – 33.0 %. Surgical intervention for the underlying disease was performed in 77.7 % of patients. The most common clinical site of IA was the lungs – 88.9 %. The predominant clinical sign was fever – 66.7 %, cough and respiratory failure