Temporal lobe epilepsy is a severe neurological disease known to be difficult to treat. It is associated with the development of neuroinflammation, astrogliosis and neuron death. Amygdala is known to play an important role in epileptogenesis. However, the exact mechanisms remain poorly studied. In this study, the structural and biochemical changes in the basolateral region of the rat amygdala were analyzed using the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Status epilepticus was induced in 7–8-week-old male Wistar rats. Two subgroups of rats were studied: (1) with prolonged (>3 h) and short (<1.5 h) seizures. This division into two groups was motivated by the dependence of the development of spontaneous seizures in the chronic phase of the model on the severity and duration of seizures during the status epilepticus. The investigation was performed in the latent and chronic period of the model (3 and 7 days and 2 months after the pilocarpine administration) using light and electron microscopy, as w