Improving the effectiveness of perioperative therapy in children with pathology of the tonsils of the Pirogov–Waldeyer’s lymphoepithelial ring remains a priority task for practical otorhinolaryngology and related specialties. The article discusses the main epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of the formation of pathological conditions of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring. The well-founded and demanded principles of perioperative therapy using topical antiseptic and disinfectants are outlined, the most progressive of which are drugs with the main active ingredient ambazone. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of achieving maximum therapeutic concentrations of the active substance with topical application, which make it possible to stop inflammation in a short time without exerting a systemic effect on the child’s body. The mechanisms of bacteriostatic action of an antiseptic drug against the most frequently verified microorganisms (Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus viridans, Pneumococcus) are described in detail. The rationale and prospects for the use of antiseptic drugs with the active substance ambazone are demonstrated by clinical examples.