The object of the present article is to justify the need to study the problem of syntactic pronominal reference in the framework of the argument-predicate structure, relying on a dominant notion of the implementation of the movement of thought through a consituative statement. Developed in the works of the most important representatives of Russian linguistics according to the doctrine of speech-mental activity, it is opposed to the theory of the primacy of language mechanism in psychosystematics, which involves focus attention on the parts of speech (morphology). The possibility to reveal the specific features of the functioning of pronominal system in Spanish is provided by the study of its syntactic component.