The article is devoted to the 150 anniversary of the publication of Das Kapitał Marx and its significance for the study of contemporary monopoly capitalism. Major changes in the capitalist system and the emergence of alternative economic theories to determine the feasibility of extension ideas scientific synthesis, which is the economic theory of Marx. Its addition and expansion at the expense of attraction of theoretical scientific schools of Keynesian economics (postkeynsian economics), institutionalism, world-systems analysis allows to lay the foundations of political economy neomarxist synthesis as a new version Marxist political economy. It is necessary in order to improve their ability to study nature of modern global monopoly capitalism and at the same time increased attention to analysis of its business practices.