Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a global problem with a prevalence of up to 88% in the Russian Federation. Effective prevention is impossible without the participation of pediatricians, but the level of their involvement remains low. Objective. To identify key areas for interdisciplinary interaction to reduce the incidence of early childhood caries based on a comparative analysis of questionnaire data from parents and pediatricians. Patients and methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey of 170 pediatricians and interviews with 399 parents of children aged 5-6 years (St. Petersburg) were conducted. Knowledge of etiopathogenesis, dietary control, and timing of the first visit to the dentist were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2 test and Cramer's V coefficient. Results. Only 24.7% of pediatricians have comprehensive knowledge of the multifactorial nature of caries. A critical gap in dietary recommendations was identified: 68.8% of physicians insist on homemade complementary feeding, while 84.0% of parents use industrially produced products. Only 47.7% of pediatricians refer the child to the dentist within the mandated timeframe (1 year) regardless of the presence of complaints. A correlation was found between the pediatrician's attention to the oral cavity condition and the frequency of referrals for preventive examinations (Cramer's V coefficient 0.348, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Low awareness of pediatricians about ECC risk factors and the lack of unified protocols for nutritional counseling reduce parental compliance. It is necessary to integrate a dental component into pediatricians' continuing education programs and to develop joint interdisciplinary reference materials on infant and child nutrition.