In thyroid gland pathology, tumors take the second place after diabetes mellitus. The risk of thyroid gland oncology in women is known to be 3-4 times higher than in men. One of the probable reasons for the higher incidence of thyroid gland tumors in women can be the activity of woman sex hormones - estrogens. This paper is devoted to the investigation of estrogen receptors expression in diferent types of thyroid gland tumors. Despite their verification in normal and pathological tissues of the thyroid gland, the role and significance of estrogen receptors in the pathogenesis of thyroid tumors is not clear now. The investigation of estrogen receptors expression can be a perspective way of early diagnostics and target therapy of thyroid gland tumors.