The article examines the development trends of intra-industry trade of Russia with Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine in the period from 2001 to 2018. The level of intra-industry specialization was estimated using the Grubel-Lloyd index, which was calculated at 6-digit HS level. It is shown that the level of intra-industry specialization in Russia’s trade with three CIS countries exceeds the corresponding indicator with other groups of partners. The intensity of intra-industry specialization in Russian trade with Belarus and Kazakhstan after the formation of the Customs Union and the EAEU is increasing, with Ukraine, which had a high potential for inclusion in the Eurasian integration project, on the contrary, decreases after the events of 2014. The growth of intra-industry trade creates the conditions for developing regional value chains (with high added value) between Russia and the EAEU countries.