The article focuses on the new reality of the Russian economy resulting from the economic war declared by the united West to the contemporary Russia. The adequate response to it is the transition of the Russian economy to the rails of mobilization economic mode. The authors discuss the structure and the tools of mobilization economy, interpreted as a national economy, which concentrates and uses its resources to counteract the threats to the country and ethnos as a whole system. In specific historical condition this definition gets specified depending on the degree of threat, economical and political potential, and the readiness of the population to make certain sacrifices for the sake of counteracting hostile forces. The authors offer measures and tools of economic mobilization, which correspond to the current moment and the long-term strategy of development.