Background. Teenagers with orthopedic diseases are in a difficult life situation, accompanied by experiences of an extraordinary level. Adaptation mechanisms play an important role in overcoming emotional difficulties. An important component of the adaptation process is psychological defense mechanisms. The article discusses the structure and effectiveness of the protective disposition of personality in adolescents suffering from various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases. Aim. This study aimed to determine the structure and effectiveness of the protective disposition of personality in adolescents suffering from various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases. Materials and methods. The study involved adolescents suffering from acquired orthopedic diseases: juvenile chronic arthritis, idiopathic scoliosis, and adolescents with long-term consequences of physical trauma on the basis of voluntary informed consent. All teenagers received treatment in the children’s orthopedic clinic. The study involved 139 adolescents with acquired orthopedic diseases and 36 healthy adolescents aged 12-17 years. Clinical psychological and psychodiagnostic methods were used to survey the respondents. Results. The general and specific features of the protective system of personality in adolescents with various forms of orthopedic diseases and their healthy peers were revealed. The role of mechanisms of psychological protection in the development of post-traumatic symptoms in adolescents with various forms of acquired orthopedic diseases in the situation of rehabilitation treatment is revealed. Conclusions. Taking into account the features of the protective disposition of the personality of adolescents with orthopedic diseases allows a differentiated approach to psychological correction at the stages of rehabilitation treatment, to develop individual approaches to providing psychological assistance in a hospital.