Lev Vygotsky believed that scientific psychological research is impossible without reliance on a scientific tradition, which allows accumulating the content of scientific knowledge. The work on preserving and developing of Russian scientific psychological traditions is conducted in many scientific centers. However, it is necessary to integrate such studies. This special issue on the history of psychology is one of many efforts to such integration. Well-known researchers from Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Yaroslavl have provided the results of investigations here. These papers deal with new or insufficiently explored methods of history of psychology, new approaches, interpretations and assessments of the scientific past, temporal distance, and the position of the history of psychology as an academic discipline.