The article is devoted to the research of Russian-Turkish relations in the energy sphere at the present stage. The peculiarity of the Russian-Turkish relations in the energy sphere is the contradictory situation in which, on the one hand, Turkey needs constant energy supplies to maintain its economic growth, on the other hand, Turkey is afraid of getting into energy dependence on Russia and therefore sees an outlet in the diversification of energy sources entering the country. The article analyzed the key indicators of the fuel and energy complex of the two countries, explored joint energy projects and the main bilateral agreements between Russia and Turkey in such areas of cooperation as: the gas industry, the oil industry, and nuclear energy. Based on the study, the authors identified the main internal and external factors affecting Russian-Turkish relations in the energy sphere. The article concludes that at the present time political, geographic and economic factors exert a great influence on Russian- Turkish relations in the energy sector.