Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a lipid metabolism disorder and a residual risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis (AS). Studying the characteristics of patients with HTG with an emphasis on the atherosclerotic process is important for developing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of AS-associated CVD. A retrospective study was conducted; the sample included 693 patients with HTG. Brachiocephalic artery stenosis (BCA) was identified in 63.9% of the examined patients, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was found in 7.9%. The patient data were analyzed based on Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a lipid metabolism disorder and a residual risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis (AS). Studying the characteristics of patients with HTG with an emphasis on the atherosclerotic process is important for developing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of AS-associated CVD. A retrospective study was conducted; the sample included 693 patients with HTG. Brachiocephalic artery stenosis (BCA) was identified in 63.9% of the examined patients, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was found in 7.9%. The patient data were analyzed based on their distribution into three subgroups: 1) subjects with central atherosclerosis (CAS); 2) with peripheral atherosclerosis (PAS); 3) with central and peripheral — generalized atherosclerosis (GAS). The study identified specific clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with HTG in relation to AS-associated cardiovascular disease. These characteristics should be considered when managing this cohort of patients. It was demonstrated that achieving key target values for carbohydrate, purine, and lipid metabolism, as well as blood pressure, is essential when treating patients with HTG. Special attention is required when treating patients with GAS and HTG, given their significant multimorbidity. Further research could improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of HTG and AS and suggest optimal treatment options.