TY - JOUR

T1 - Пределы криминализации врачебных ошибок: подходы в российском и зарубежном праве

AU - Кратенко, Максим Владимирович

N1 - 1. Crosby C. Gross Negligence Manslaughter Revisited: Time for a Change of Direction // The Journal of Criminal Law. 2020. Vol. 84(3). 2. Dobrovolskis M. Ultima ratio Principle in the Criminalization of Tax Evasion // Teise. 2020. Vol. 114. DOI: 10.15388/Teise.2020.114.4 3. Feola A., Marsella L. T. Medical Liability: The Current State of Italian Legislation // European Journal of Health Law. 2015. Vol. 22. DOI: 10.1163/15718093-12341357 4. Ferner R. E., McDowell S. E. Doctors Charged with Manslaughter in the Course of Medical Practice, 1795-2005: A Literature Review // Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2006. Vol. 99. 5. Filkins J. A. With No Evil Intent: The Criminal Prosecution of Physicians for Medical Negligence // Journal of Legal Medicine. 2001. Vol. 22. 6. Franciosi L. M. Italy - The New Italian Regime for Healthcare Liability and the Role of Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Dialogue Among Legal Formants // Journal of Civil Law Studies. 2018. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. 7. Leflar R. "Unnatural Deaths": Criminal Sanctions, and Medical Quality Improvement in Japan // Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics. 2009. Vol. 9(1). 8. Leflar R., Futoshi I. Medical Error as Reportable Event, as Tort, as Crime: A Transpacific Comparison // Widener Law Review. 2005. Vol. 12. 9. Liebman B. L. Malpractice Mobs: Medical Dispute Resolution in China // Columbia Law Review. 2013. Vol. 113. 10. Murgel J. Medical negligence and liability of health professionals in the European Court of Human Rights case law // Medicine, Law and Society. 2020. Vol. 13. Iss. 1. 11. Рерихт А. А. Теоретические основы медицинского права: проблемы формирования и развития. М., 2011. EDN: NDZCIN 12. Oyebode F. Clinical Errors and Medical Negligence // Medical Principles and Practice. 2013. Vol. 22. 13. Pranka D. The price of medical negligence - should it be judged by the criminal court in the context of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights? // Baltic Journal of Law and Politics. 2021. No. 14(1). DOI: 10.2478/bjlp-2021-0006 14. Stauch M. Medical Malpractice and Compensation in Germany // Chicago-Kent Law Review. 2011. Vol. 86. Iss. 3. 15. Voultsos P., Ricci G., Tambone V. et al. A proposal for limited criminal liability in high-accuracy endoscopic sinus surgery // Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2017. No. 3. DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-1292 16. Бимбинов А. А. Причинение вреда при оказании медицинской помощи как оказание услуг, не отвечающих требованиям безопасности // Журнал российского права. 2022. № 7. EDN: FTEOOG 17. Жолобов В. Е. Врачебное самоуправление и качество медицинской помощи // Медицина и право в XXI веке. Ежегодная междунар. науч.-практ. конф. СПб., 2018. EDN: WIJZDJ 18. Замалеева С. В. К вопросу о квалификации ятрогенных преступлений по ст. 238 Уголовного кодекса РФ // Медицинское право. 2019. № 1. EDN: XVMQTA 19. Калашников И. Дела с анамнезом. Российские суды в 2020 году рассматривали минимум 149 "врачебных дел" // Медицинский вестник. 2021. № 1. 20. Нагорная И. И. Уголовная ответственность за профессиональные преступления медицинских работников: новый подход // Российский юридический журнал. 2021. № 1. EDN: GLGUCG 21. Никитина И. О. Преступления в сфере здравоохранения (законодательство, юридический анализ, квалификация, причины и меры предупреждения): автореф. дис.. канд. юрид. наук. Н. Новгород, 2007. EDN: ZNNUEJ

PY - 2023/8/1

Y1 - 2023/8/1

N2 - With regard to defects in medical care, there has always been a dilemma: is it sufficient in such cases to apply disciplinary and civil liability measures, or is it also necessary to prosecute the perpetrators? And for which medical errors is criminal punishment a proportionate and necessary sanction? The purpose of the study is to determine the criteria for qualifying improper (erroneous) actions of medical workers as crimes, taking into account the ultima ratio principle; to evaluate the set of iatrogenic crimes available in the Russian Criminal Code as optimal or, on the contrary, excessive; to formulate proposals for optimizing criminal law policy in the area under study. Research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, legal forecasting. Conclusions: unlike some foreign countries (Great Britain, Italy, China), in Russia, the basis of criminal liability of medical workers is any of their careless acts that caused death or serious harm to the patient's health. The Criminal Code contains several elements of crimes for which erroneous actions of medical workers can be qualified, while the differentiation of competing structures (in particular, provided for in Part 2 of Article 109 and paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Article 238 of the Russian Criminal Code) causes difficulties for investigators and state prosecutors. The choice in favor of a more serious charge often has no rational grounds, is due to the nature of the medical care provided (paid or guaranteed by the state) or the need to comply with the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution. With reference to foreign experience, the author of the study substantiates the possibility of decriminalization of non-severe medical errors in Russia by making appropriate amendments to Articles 109 and 118 of the Russian Criminal Code or supplementing the Criminal Code with a special composition. At the same time, it is proposed to create out-of-court mechanisms for the settlement of patients' property claims, to increase the role of medical associations in allowing persons to carry out medical activities, i.e. to realize the potential of civil and disciplinary liability.

AB - With regard to defects in medical care, there has always been a dilemma: is it sufficient in such cases to apply disciplinary and civil liability measures, or is it also necessary to prosecute the perpetrators? And for which medical errors is criminal punishment a proportionate and necessary sanction? The purpose of the study is to determine the criteria for qualifying improper (erroneous) actions of medical workers as crimes, taking into account the ultima ratio principle; to evaluate the set of iatrogenic crimes available in the Russian Criminal Code as optimal or, on the contrary, excessive; to formulate proposals for optimizing criminal law policy in the area under study. Research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, legal forecasting. Conclusions: unlike some foreign countries (Great Britain, Italy, China), in Russia, the basis of criminal liability of medical workers is any of their careless acts that caused death or serious harm to the patient's health. The Criminal Code contains several elements of crimes for which erroneous actions of medical workers can be qualified, while the differentiation of competing structures (in particular, provided for in Part 2 of Article 109 and paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Article 238 of the Russian Criminal Code) causes difficulties for investigators and state prosecutors. The choice in favor of a more serious charge often has no rational grounds, is due to the nature of the medical care provided (paid or guaranteed by the state) or the need to comply with the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution. With reference to foreign experience, the author of the study substantiates the possibility of decriminalization of non-severe medical errors in Russia by making appropriate amendments to Articles 109 and 118 of the Russian Criminal Code or supplementing the Criminal Code with a special composition. At the same time, it is proposed to create out-of-court mechanisms for the settlement of patients' property claims, to increase the role of medical associations in allowing persons to carry out medical activities, i.e. to realize the potential of civil and disciplinary liability.

KW - PATIENT, MEDICAL ERROR, GROSS NEGLIGENCE, CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

UR - https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54191793

U2 - 10.12737/jrp.2023.083

DO - 10.12737/jrp.2023.083

M3 - статья

VL - 27

SP - 119

EP - 132

JO - ЖУРНАЛ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРАВА

JF - ЖУРНАЛ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРАВА

SN - 1605-6590

IS - 7

ER -