Among the countries with which Israel has maintained relations since its creation one of the most important has been the Soviet
Union, and subsequently Russia, its successor state. This relationship has been multi-dimensional, subject to ups and downs, and sensitive to developments not only in the Middle East but also in broader geopolitical settings. Over the years, on and off, the Soviet Union/Russia has sought to maintain good relations both with the Jewish state and with Arab states. Today’s main Russian aim is strengthening its hold in the Middle East and boosting the restoration of its superpower status,
while avoiding excessive confrontation with the West. The solution to this problem is directly related to Russia’s ability to act as a mediator between Israel and the Arab world.